Retinoids and Cardiac Development

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Retinoids and Cardiac Development

Retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A, is involved in signal transduction during vertebrate organogenesis. Retinoids through binding to nuclear receptors called RA receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) regulate various processes during cardiogenesis. Deregulated retinoid signaling thus has later consequences leading to cardiac malformations. In this review, we will summarize ...

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Retinoids in lung development.

The "retinoid revolution" has had considerable impact on research activity in the field of lung development. Postnatal lungs are very sensitive to dietary retinol (R) deprivation. The trachea and the bronchopulmonary tree in R-deficient animals show a striking change in morphology. The columnar epithelium undergoes keratinizing metaplasia, which is reversed when R is supplied. The fetal lung de...

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Retinoids and spinal cord development.

The role that RA plays in the development and patterning of the spinal cord is discussed. The morphogenetic process of neurulation is described in which RA plays a role because in the absence of RA signaling spina bifida results. Following neural induction, RA is involved in several patterning events in the spinal cord. It is one of the posteriorizing factors along with FGFs and Wnts and as suc...

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Retinoids in embryonal development.

The key role of vitamin A in embryonal development is reviewed. Special emphasis is given to the physiological action of retinoids, as evident from the retinoid ligand knockout models. Retinoid metabolism in embryonic tissues and teratogenic consequences of retinoid administration at high doses are presented. Physiological and pharmacological actions of retinoids are outlined and explained on t...

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Retinoids and the Kidney Vitamin A and kidney development

Recent advances in developmental nephrology have provided new evidence that retinoids, vitamin A and its active metabolites such as all-trans retinoic acid, profoundly influence renal organogenesis. Retinoids are acknowledged as potent nephron mass regulators. They regulate embryonic kidney patterning through control of Ret expression in a dose-dependent manner, which modulates ureteric bud bra...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Developmental Biology

سال: 2014

ISSN: 2221-3759

DOI: 10.3390/jdb2010050